Option B is the correct answer. It uses the MAXDEC=2 option to specify the desired decimal places for the output statistics. The CLASS statement identifies the 'customer_group' variable, and the VAR statement specifies the 'amount' variable for analysis. The OUTPUT statement creates a new dataset called 'avg_purchases' with the average purchase amount for each customer segment, stored in the variable 'avg_amount'. Option A uses a FORMAT statement outside the PROC MEANS step to control the formatting, which is not the most efficient approach and can lead to issues if the variable is further used in other analyses. Option C is missing the RUN statement for the PROC MEANS step. Option D uses a PROC PRINT step to display the results, but it does not use the MAXDEC= option within PROC MEANS to ensure the desired formatting. Option E is similar to option D but tries to format the output dataset directly in the PROC PRINT step, which is not the intended purpose. Option B correctly implements the MAXDEC= option within PROC MEANS, which directly controls the formatting of the output statistics.

The correct answer is - ODS EXCEL FILE='reportxlsx' STYLE-EXCEL". The 'STYLE-EXCEL' option is designed specifically to maintain the formatting and styles from the SAS report when exporting to Excel. Other options like 'STYLE=EXCEL97' or 'STYLE=EXCEL2007' might be used for older Excel versions, but they might not guarantee complete formatting preservation. 'STYLE-SAS' exports the report in a basic table format, while 'STYLE-AUTO' will use the default style for the chosen destination.

The correct answer is D. The statement uses MEDIAN and STDDEV keywords to calculate the median and standard deviation respectively for the 'Weight' variable within each AgeGroup. Option A only calculates the default statistics which do not include median and standard deviation. Option B calculates N, MEAN, and STD (standard deviation) but not the median. Option C uses the incorrect keyword 'STD' instead of 'STDDEV'. Option E uses STDERR (standard error) instead of STDDEV.

Option E is the only correct code snippet that correctly creates the 'HIGHEST_SALARY_BY_DEPT dataset with the highest salary for each department and assigns a rank to each employee within their department. It uses the statement with 'DEPARTMENT to group the data and the 'last. DEPARTMENT ' flag to identify the last observation within each department. The function assigns a rank to each employee's salary within their department, with the highest salary being ranked 1. Option A only outputs the last observation for each department, which is not necessarily the highest salary. Option B only outputs the first observation for each department, which is not necessarily the highest salary. Option C assigns a rank of 1 to all the last observations for each department, which is incorrect Option D assigns a rank of 1 to all the first observations for each department, which is incorrect.

The code contains a syntax error. The SAS compiler will flag an error because of the extra space after 'Mary' in the 'cards' statement. SAS interprets input data strictly based on defined variable lengths. In this case, the 'name' variable has a length of 4 characters, so it expects exactly four characters, and the additional space causes a misalignment issue. To fix this, the code should be updated to: