This code snippet correctly defines separate ODS destinations for PDF and RTF files, ensuring that the report is exported to both formats with the specified file names. The other options contain errors: Option B uses 'ODS OUTPUT' incorrectly; Options C and E try to define multiple destinations within a single ODS statement, which is not allowed. Option D uses 'ODS OUTPUT' without specifying any destination, so it will not export the report to any external files.

The most likely causes of this problem are: ' ''B:'' A misspelling in the variable name within the 'WHERE clause would cause SAS to treat it as a different variable or an undefined variable, resulting in the condition not being correctly applied. ' If the variable used in the 'WHERE' clause is not formatted correctly for its data type (e_g., using a numeric variable in a text comparison or vice versa), it could lead to unexpected results. Let's discuss why the other options are less likely: ' ''A.'' The placement of the 'WHERE clause within a 'PROC SQC statement is generally after the 'FROM' clause, and it should be correctly placed in the query. ' ''C:'' While semicolons are necessary to end SAS statements, missing a semicolon within the "WHERE clause itself would likely lead to a syntax error rather than a condition not being evaluated. ' Data corruption could potentially cause problems, but it's less likely to be the primary issue if the program's logic is incorrect

The PROC SORT step in SAS is used to sort data sets by one or more variables. The syntax for the proc sort step requires the by statement to specify the variable(s) by which to sort the data. The correct answer is option A:
proc sort data=Names;
by Name;
run;
This sorts the data set by the variable 'Name' in alphabetical order, which matches the sorted NAMES data set shown in the question. Option B uses orderby, which is not a valid SAS statement. Option C sorts by 'Age', which would not give the same result as shown in the question. Option D also incorrectly uses orderby.

To rename a variable when reading a dataset in SAS, you use the rename= option inside the parentheses following the dataset's name in the set statement. The correct syntax for renaming the variable 'Name' to
'StudentName' is: rename=(oldname=newname). Therefore, the correct option is A, which correctly places the old variable name 'Name' first, followed by an equal sign, and then the new variable name 'StudentName'.
The parentheses enclose the rename operation, and it is correctly nested within the set statement.
References:
* SAS documentation on the RENAME= data set option, SAS Institute.