The defining characteristic of an object-oriented language is its support for objects and classes, which encapsulate data and behavior. This includes the ability to define custom variable types (classes) with their own methods, and the use of key principles such as information hiding, data abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. These features distinguish object-oriented languages from procedural languages, which do not typically support these concepts in the same way.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In Agile software development, the process is iterative, and writing code to create a version of the program occurs during the implementation phase. According to foundational programming principles and Agile methodologies (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Agile Manifesto), implementation involves coding the software based on requirements and design.
* Agile Phases Overview:
* Analysis: Gathers and refines requirements (e.g., customer needs as user stories).
* Design: Plans the technical solution (e.g., defining functions, classes, or architecture).
* Implementation: Writes and integrates code to create a working version.
* Testing: Verifies the code meets requirements.
* Option A: "Implementation." This is correct. Starting to write the first version of the program involves coding, which is the core activity of the implementation phase. For example, the programmer might write functions or classes to meet customer requirements.
* Option B: "Testing." This is incorrect. Testing occurs after coding to verify the program's functionality, not during the writing of the first version.
* Option C: "Design." This is incorrect. Design involves planning the program's structure (e.g., specifying functions or objects), not writing the code.
* Option D: "Analysis." This is incorrect. Analysis involves receiving and refining requirements, which the programmer has already done before starting to code.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Implementation).
Agile
Manifesto: "Working Software" (http://agilemanifesto.org/).
Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 4: Agile Software Development).

To determine if the difference between two values is greater than 1, the subtraction operation should be used.
By subtracting one value from the other, you obtain the difference. If this difference is greater than 1, it confirms that the two values are separated by more than a single unit. This is a fundamental operation in programming and mathematics for comparing magnitudes and is supported by the logical comparison operator > which checks if the result of the subtraction is greater than 1123.

The loop variable update statement is responsible for changing the loop variable's value after each iteration of the loop, ensuring that the loop progresses and eventually terminates. In the options provided, J = j + 3 is the statement that updates the loop variable j by adding 3 to its current value. This is a typical update statement found in loops, particularly in 'for' or 'while' loops, where the loop variable needs to be changed systematically to avoid infinite loops.
References: This understanding of loop variable update statements is based on fundamental programming concepts that are taught in introductory programming courses and documented in programming language specifications1234. These principles are applied consistently across various programming languages.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The snippet not (g != 8) contains two operators: not (logical NOT) and != (not equal, an equality operator).
According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), operators are categorized by their function, such as logical, equality, arithmetic, or assignment.
* Snippet Analysis:
* not: A logical operator that negates a boolean expression (e.g., not True yields False).
* !=: An equality operator that checks if two values are not equal (e.g., g != 8 returns True if g is not 8).
* Option A: "Equality and logical." This is correct. The snippet includes != (equality) and not (logical).
* Option B: "Logical and arithmetic." This is incorrect. There are no arithmetic operators (e.g., +, -, *, /) in the snippet.
* Option C: "Equality and arithmetic." This is incorrect. The snippet lacks arithmetic operators.
* Option D: "Assignment and arithmetic." This is incorrect. There are no assignment operators (e.g., =) or arithmetic operators in the snippet.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).
Python Documentation: "Logical Operators" (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#boolean- operations).
W3Schools: "C Operators" (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_operators.php).