The customer directing the payment of the money borrowed to an unrelated third party is a red flag for potential money laundering, as it could indicate layering or integration of illicit funds. The other options are not necessarily indicative of money laundering, although they could warrant further monitoring or due diligence depending on the customer profile and risk assessment.
References:
ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Examination, 6th Edition, Chapter 3, page 97, section "Red Flags for Life Insurance Policies".
ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course, Module 3, Lesson 3.2, "Red Flags for Life Insurance Policies".

The compliance officer should evaluate the request, determine whether it is valid, and provide the necessary information, subject to management approval. It is important to follow the bank's policies and procedures for responding to law enforcement requests, including verifying the authenticity of the request and the identity of the officer making the request. Additionally, it is important to protect customer privacy and ensure that sensitive information is not released to unauthorized individuals. (Reference: Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (the 6th edition), Chapter 6)

The most concerning trading pattern for a compliance officer when a new customer has been onboarded in a securities firm is the customer accumulating securities of a low volume counter in small increments on a weekly basis. This type of behavior could indicate that the customer is attempting to obscure their identity or the true purpose of their trading activity, which can be indicative of money laundering or other suspicious activity. (CAMS Manual, 6th Edition, Page 170).

According to the CAMS Study Guide, the most commonly used risk criteria for assessing the money laundering and terrorist financing risks are country risk, customer risk, and product and service risk. These criteria are based on the FATF Recommendations and the Basel Committee's guidance on sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism.
Country risk refers to the level of exposure to potential money laundering and terrorist financing activities in a specific jurisdiction, based on factors such as the quality of its AML/CFT regime, its level of corruption, its political and economic stability, its involvement in illicit activities, and its cooperation with international bodies.
Customer risk refers to the level of exposure to potential money laundering and terrorist financing activities associated with a specific customer or customer segment, based on factors such as the nature and purpose of the business relationship, the source and destination of funds, the type and volume of transactions, the customer's profile and behavior, and the customer's geographic location.
Product and service risk refers to the level of exposure to potential money laundering and terrorist financing activities associated with a specific product or service offered by a financial institution, based on factors such as the complexity, transparency, anonymity, and accessibility of the product or service, the delivery channels and payment methods used, and the degree of oversight and monitoring applied.
Reputation risk is not a risk criterion for assessing the money laundering and terrorist financing risks, but rather a potential consequence of failing to manage those risks effectively. Reputation risk refers to the potential damage to the public trust and confidence in a financial institution due to its involvement or association with money laundering and terrorist financing activities, whether directly or indirectly.
:
CAMS Study Guide, 6th Edition, Chapter 2: Risk Assessments, pp. 41-461
FATF Recommendations, Recommendation 1: Assessing Risks and Applying a Risk-Based Approach2 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism, June 2017, pp. 9-143

According to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a country's financial intelligence unit (FIU) plays a key role in safeguarding against money laundering and terrorist financing. One of the main functions of an FIU is to receive, analyze, and disseminate suspicious activity reports (SARs) submitted by financial institutions and other obligated entities. By analyzing SARs, an FIU can identify trends, patterns, and other intelligence related to money laundering and terrorist financing, which can assist in the pursuit of criminal activity. While an FIU may also generate currency transaction reports (CTRs) or other types of financial reports, these functions are not specific to safeguarding against money laundering and terrorist financing.
Similarly, while monitoring monthly public statistics on the economy may be an important aspect of macroeconomic analysis, it is not a specific role of an FIU in safeguarding against money laundering and terrorist financing.