Transference and countertransference are key concepts in the patient-nurse practitioner relationship.
Transference occurs when a patient displaces feelings for significant people in their past onto the nurse practitioner. Countertransference represents the nurse practitioner's emotional reaction to the patient based on past experiences. Unresolved positive and negative feelings from the nurse practitioner's past may cause the projection of these feelings onto patients.
Defending the patient's inappropriate behavior reflects an underlying subjective connection with the patient, which is an example of countertransference. The simple expression of empathy does not indicate countertransference. The patient bringing cookies or accusing a nurse practitioner of lying may represent transference.

When a patient has symptoms lasting over 3 months, it is considered chronic PTSD. Acute PTSD can be witnessed or experienced. Flashbacks and distressing reactions to cues and triggers are part of an acute episode of PTSD.

At three years of age, landmarks of normal behavioral development include the following:
* Rides tricycle
* Jumps from the bottom of steps
* Alternates feet going up stairs
* Builds a tower of 9 or 10 cubes
* Imitates a three-cube bridge
* Copies a circle and a cross drawing
* Puts on shoes
* Unbuttons buttons
* Feeds self well
* Understands taking turns with others

Melatonin can inhibit ovulation at larger doses. It is not commonly associated with breast tenderness, heavier periods, or increased premenstrual tension.

Mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and ADHD can all contribute to worsening sleep and insomnia in advanced-age clients.