Freud's stages of psychosexual development are:
1. Oral: birth to 12-18 months
2. Anal: 12-18 months to 3 years
3. Phallic: 3 to 5-6 years
4. Latency: 5-6 years to adolescence
5. Genital: adolescence to adulthood
Successful resolution of the anal stage of psychosexual development provides the basis for the development of personal autonomy and capacity for self-confidence. Failure to resolve the anal stage results in pathological traits of excessive orderliness, stubbornness, willfulness, frugality, and parsimony. Anal characteristics and defenses are typically seen in obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman created interpersonal therapy.
Sigmund Freud created psychoanalytic therapy. Anna Freud, along with Melanie Klein, is most well known for her contributions to psychoanalytic child psychology and object relations. Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy and his daughter, Judith Beck, continued his work. Carl Rogers originally developed humanistic therapy, also known as person-centered therapy.

The synapse, not the neurotransmitter, converts the action potential in the presynaptic neuron into a chemical signal that is then transferred to the postsynaptic neuron.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals synthesized from dietary substrates that communicate information from one cell to another. They can be divided into four categories: monoamines, amino acids, cholinergics, and peptides.

This is the most comprehensive answer. The other options are examples of types of research utilization and contain only some of the individual components that combine to make evidence-based practice.

Managed care is a system where the insurer is not only the payer but also the provider of health care. Prior to managed care, insurance companies paid bills submitted by health care providers, and the insurer had no control over the quality or quantity of care being given. In a managed care system, the insurer monitors how the healthcare services are utilized and the cost of those services. The insurer agrees to pay only a flat fee for each patient regardless of what services are required, and thus the provider shares in the financial risk.
This system incentivizes insurers and clinicians to provide the highest-quality care.