A sniffer is a tool that captures and analyzes network traffic on a subnet or a network interface. It can help identify the source, destination, protocol, and content of the traffic and detect any anomalies or issues on the network.

Network latency is the measure of delay in data transmission over a network. It can affect the quality of voice over IP (VoIP) calls by causing echo, jitter, or distortion. Network latency can be caused by various factors such as network congestion, distance, routing, or bandwidth. To monitor network latency, you can use tools such as ping, traceroute, or network analyzers.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): SSL and its successor Transport Layer Security (TLS) enable client and server computers to establish a secure connection session and manage encryption and decryption activities.
Reference: https://paginas.fe.up.pt/~als/mis10e/ch8/chpt8-4bullettext.htm

A microSD card is the best method to stage the new media for the default boot device of a remote embedded IoT server that is having a Linux OS upgrade installed. A microSD card is a small and portable storage device that can store large amounts of data. It can be easily inserted into the slot of an embedded IoT server, which is a small and low-power device that performs specific tasks and connects to other devices over a network. A microSD card can also be formatted with different file systems, such as FAT32 or ext4, which are compatible with Linux OS.