Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
To filter rows based on a condition and display them in Spark, usefilter(...).show():
employees_df.filter(employees_df.tenure >= 5).show()
Option A is correct and shows the results.
Option B filters but doesn't display them.
Option C uses Python's built-infilter, not Spark.
Option D collects the results to the driver, which is unnecessary if.show()is sufficient.
Final Answer: A

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Spark's best practice is to estimate partition count based on data volume and a reasonable partition size - typically 128 MB to 256 MB per partition.
With 1 TB of data: 1 TB / 128 MB # ~8000 partitions
This ensures that tasks are distributed across available CPUs for parallelism and that each task processes an optimal volume of data.
Option A (equal to cores) may result in partitions that are too large.
Option B (fixed 200) is arbitrary and may underutilize the cluster.
Option C (nodes) gives too few partitions (10), limiting parallelism.
Reference: Databricks Spark Tuning Guide # Partitioning Strategy

ThepartitionBy()method in Spark organizes output into subdirectories based on unique combinations of the specified columns:
e.g.
/path/to/output/color=red/fruit=apple/part-0000.parquet
/path/to/output/color=green/fruit=banana/part-0001.parquet
This improves query performance via partition pruning.
It does not consolidate into a single file.
Null values are allowed in partitions.
It does not "append" unless.mode("append")is used.
Reference:Spark Write with Partitioning

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Spark Connect enables decoupling of the client and Spark driver processes, allowing remote access. Spark supports configuring the remote Spark Connect server in multiple ways:
From Databricks and Spark documentation:
Option B (--remote "sc://localhost") is a valid command-line argument for thepysparkshell to connect using Spark Connect.
Option C (settingSPARK_REMOTEenvironment variable) is also a supported method to configure the remote endpoint.
Option A is incorrect because Spark Connect uses thesc://protocol, nothttps://.
Option D requires modifying the code, which the question explicitly avoids.
Option E configures the port on the server side but doesn't start a client connection.
Final Answers: B and C

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In Apache Spark, broadcast variables are used to efficiently distribute large, read-only data to all worker nodes. However, broadcasting very large datasets can lead to memory issues on executors if the data does not fit into the available memory.
According to the Spark documentation:
"Broadcast variables allow the programmer to keep a read-only variable cached on each machine rather than shipping a copy of it with tasks. This can greatly reduce the amount of data sent over the network." However, it also notes:
"Using the broadcast functionality available in SparkContext can greatly reduce the size of each serialized task, and the cost of launching a job over a cluster. If your tasks use any large object from the driver program inside of them (e.g., a static lookup table), consider turning it into a broadcast variable." But caution is advised when broadcasting large datasets:
"Broadcasting large variables can cause out-of-memory errors if the data does not fit in the memory of each executor." Therefore, if the broadcasted DataFrame containing millions of rows exceeds the memory capacity of the executors, the job may fail due to memory constraints.
Reference:Spark 3.5.5 Documentation - Tuning