Active multicast receiver entries are aging on each IGMP query sent on the VLAN (A): When IGMP snooping querier is enabled on a VLAN, it functions to manage multicast traffic within the VLAN by keeping track of multicast group memberships. The IGMP querier sends queries to determine which ports require the multicast traffic. The multicast receiver entries, which are entries that indicate which devices have requested the multicast data, age or time out based on these IGMP queries. Each query refreshes active connections but ages out entries that no longer respond, helping to ensure that multicast traffic is only sent to ports with active receivers.

The output of the diagnose switch physical-ports summary command provides critical insight into how a FortiSwitch is being managed by examiningVLAN assignments,tag protocol identifiers (TPID), andinternal port behavior. In the provided exhibit, several ports-includingport1,port5, and theinternalport-are assigned toVLAN 4094.
According to the FortiSwitchOS 7.6 Administrator Guide,VLAN 4094 is reserved for FortiLink management trafficwhen a FortiSwitch is managed by a FortiGate. FortiLink uses this dedicated VLAN to carry control- plane traffic such as configuration synchronization, monitoring data, LLDP-based discovery, and keepalive messages between the FortiGate and FortiSwitch. The presence of VLAN 4094 on physical interfaces is a strong and explicit indicator ofFortiGate-managed mode.
In standalone or local management mode, FortiSwitch ports typically default toVLAN 1or administrator- defined VLANs, andVLAN 4094 is not automatically assigned. Similarly, FortiSwitch Cloud-managed devices do not use VLAN 4094 in this manner, as cloud management relies on IP connectivity to FortiEdge Cloud rather than FortiLink encapsulation.
Additionally, the internal port showing VLAN 4094 further confirms FortiLink operation, as this internal interface is used by the switch ASIC to communicate with the FortiGate over the FortiLink tunnel. This behavior is documented in FortiOS 7.6 and FortiSwitchOS 7.6 design guides as characteristic of FortiGate- managed FortiSwitch deployments.
Therefore, based on the VLAN assignments shown-specifically the use ofVLAN 4094-the most accurate and fully verified conclusion is thatthe FortiSwitch is managed by FortiGate, makingOption Bthe correct answer.

In mixed-vendor network environments, such as deployments that include bothFortiSwitchandCiscodevices, properLayer 2 discovery protocolsmust be enabled to allow devices to automatically discover neighbors and exchange essential device and interface information. FortiSwitchOS 7.6 supports bothCisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)andLink Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)to ensure interoperability.
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)is a Cisco-proprietary Layer 2 discovery protocol widely used by Cisco switches, routers, and IP phones. When CDP is enabled on FortiSwitch interfaces, Cisco devices can discover FortiSwitch neighbors and receive information such as device ID, port ID, platform, and capabilities. This is particularly important in Cisco-centric networks where CDP is the primary discovery mechanism.
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), defined by IEEE 802.1AB, is a vendor-neutral discovery protocol supported by both Fortinet and Cisco devices. Enabling LLDP allows FortiSwitch and Cisco devices to exchange standardized information including system name, port description, VLAN information, and management address. LLDP is essential for cross-vendor compatibility and is commonly enabled by default in modern enterprise networks.
The remaining options are incorrect.Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD)is used to detect unidirectional fiber or copper link failures and does not provide device discovery or information exchange.LLDP-MEDis an extension of LLDP specifically designed for media endpoints such as IP phones and is not required for general switch-to-switch discovery.
Therefore, to ensure automatic discovery and information exchange between FortiSwitch and Cisco devices, both CDP and LLDP must be enabled, makingOptions B and Cthe correct and fully verified answers based on FortiSwitchOS 7.6 documentation.

Tail-drop mode is a congestion management technique used in network devices, including FortiSwitches, to handle congestion on network ports:
* Tail-Drop Mode (A):
* Behavior:When a queue reaches its maximum capacity on a congested port, tail-drop mode simply drops any incoming packets that arrive after the buffer is full. This continues until the congestion is alleviated and there is space in the queue to accommodate new packets.
* Application:This is a straightforward approach used when the device's buffer allocated to the port becomes full due to sustained high traffic, preventing buffer overflow and maintaining system stability.
References:For more details on congestion management techniques and settings on FortiSwitch, you can refer to the configuration manuals available on:Fortinet Product Documentation