The dividend growth model is used to calculate the price of a share.

Assuming that DI and G remain constant, an increase in Rs resulting from an increase in the nominal interest rate will cause Po to decrease. A higher interest rate raises the required return of investors, which results in a lower share price. An entity has the following three investment projects available:

The entity has a 4O f debt and 60 l equity capital structure. Each monetary unit of investment funds will be raised in these proportions .40 of debt and .60 of equity). The marginal cost of financing increases with the amount of new funds raised, as follows:

These investment opportunities and financing costs are shown in the graph below.

MCC=Marginal cost of capital IOS=Investment opportunity schedule

The EOQ minimizes the sum of carrying and setup costs. The EOQ is the amount at which carrying costs are equal to setup costs. Thus, plugging the data into the EOQ formula results in the following:

Thus, if each lot consists of 1.000 units, five production runs per year are needed to meet the 5.000-unit demand. At this level, setup costs will total US $5,000 (5 * $1.000) Carrying costs will also equal US $5,000 ($10 per unit carrying cost * average inventory of 500 units). Accordingly, total costs are minimized at US$10,000.

The objective of ISO 9000 standards is to ensure consistent quality even if the quality is poor. The market will determine the quality of the end result.