Section: INFORMATION RISK MANAGEMENT
Explanation:
Risks are constantly changing. Choice D offers the best alternative because it takes into consideration a reasonable time frame and allows flexibility to address significant change. Conducting a risk assessment once a year is insufficient if important changes take place. Conducting a risk assessment every three-to-six months for critical processes may not be necessary, or it may not address important changes in a timely manner. It is not necessary for assessments to be performed by external parties.

Explanation
One of the main problems with using SNMP vl and v2 is the clear text "community string" that it uses to authenticate. It is easy to sniff and reuse. Most times, the SNMP community string is shared throughout the organization's servers and routers, making this authentication problem a serious threat to security. There have been some isolated cases of remote buffer overflows against SNMP daemons, but generally that is not a problem. Cross site scripting is a web application vulnerability that is not related to SNMP. A man-in-the-middle attack against a user datagram protocol (UDP) makes no sense since there is no active session; every request has the community string and is answered independently.

Competitions and rewards are a positive encouragement to user participation in the security program. Merely locking users out for forgetting their passwords does not enhance user awareness. Enforcement of password formats and disciplinary actions do not positively promote awareness.