Explanation
It is important to first validate that the patch is authentic. Only then should it be copied onto write-once media, decompiled to check for malicious code or loaded onto an isolated test machine.

Section: INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

Explanation
Gap analysis is the MOST helpful tool for understanding where to focus efforts when developing an information security strategy for an organization, because it helps to identify the current state and the desired state of the information security governance, and the gaps between them. Gap analysis also helps to prioritize the actions and resources needed to close the gaps and achieve the information security objectives.
References =
CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, ISACA, 2020, p. 36: "Gap analysis is the process of comparing the current state and the desired state of information security governance and identifying the gaps that need to be addressed." CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, ISACA, 2020, p. 37: "Gap analysis should be performed periodically to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the information security strategy and program and to identify the areas for improvement." CISM domain 1: Information security governance [Updated 2022] - Infosec Resources: "Gap analysis: This is a comparison of the current state of security with the desired state. It helps to identify the gaps in security and prioritize the actions required to close them."

Explanation
The primary advantage of performing black-box control tests as opposed to white-box control tests is that they simulate real-world attacks. Black-box control tests are a software testing methodology in which the tester analyzes the functionality of an application without a thorough knowledge of its internal design. Conversely, in white-box control tests, the tester is knowledgeable of the internal design of the application and analyzes it during testing. By performing black-box control tests, the tester can mimic the perspective and behavior of an external attacker who does not have access to the source code or the implementation details of the application.
This way, the tester can evaluate how the application responds to different inputs and scenarios, and identify any vulnerabilities or errors that may affect its functionality or security. The other options are not the primary advantage of performing black-box control tests, although they may be some benefits or drawbacks depending on the context. Causing fewer potential production issues is not necessarily true, as black-box control tests may still introduce errors or disruptions to the application if not performed carefully. Requiring less IT staff preparation is not always true, as black-box control tests may still require a lot of planning and documentation to ensure adequate test coverage and quality. Identifying more threats is not necessarily true, as black-box control tests may miss some threats that are hidden in the internal logic or structure of the application.