One of the fundamental characteristics of object-oriented programming (OOP) is the concept of decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another1. This is distinct from procedural and functional programming paradigms, which do not inherently structure programs as a collection of objects. In OOP, objects are instances of classes and contain both data (attributes) and code (methods). These objects encapsulate data and operations and can interact with each other through methods, allowing for concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation12.
In contrast, procedural programming is characterized by a focus on procedures or routines to perform tasks, and functional programming treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions without side effects or state changes2. Neither paradigm organizes code around objects with encapsulated data and methods, which is a defining feature of OOP1.
References: 1: Differences between Procedural and Object Oriented Programming - GeeksforGeeks 2:
Functional vs. Procedural vs. OOP | Scout APM

The pseudocode provided appears to be a loop that calculates the sum of numbers. Without seeing the exact pseudocode, I can deduce based on common programming patterns that if the loop is designed to add numbers from 1 to 5, the sum would be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, which equals 15. This is a typical example of a series where the sum of the first n natural numbers is given by the formula
2n(n+1)
, and in this case, with n being 5, the sum is
25(5+1)=15

The language described in the question exhibits characteristics of an interpreted, object-oriented, and dynamic language. Here's why these terms apply:
* Interpreted: The program can run on various operating systems without re-compilation, which is a trait of interpreted languages. Interpreted languages are executed line by line by an interpreter at runtime, rather than being compiled into machine code beforehand123.
* Object-oriented: The use of concepts like information hiding, data abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance are hallmarks of object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP languages are designed around objects and classes, which allow for modular, reusable, and organized code456.
* Dynamic: Variables in the program do not need to have their types declared ahead of time, indicating dynamic typing. In dynamically typed languages, type checking is performed at runtime, and variables can be assigned to different types of data over their lifetime7891011.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
To find the rightmost digit of an integer q = 7777, we need the units digit (i.e., 7). According to foundational programming principles, the modulo operator (%) with 10 isolates the rightmost digit of a number.
* Option A: "10 % q."
* Compute: 10 % 7777 = 10 (since 10 ÷ 7777 has a remainder of 10).
* Result: 10 # 7. Incorrect.
* Option B: "q % 10."
* Compute: 7777 % 10 = 7 (remainder of 7777 ÷ 10, isolating the units digit).
* Result: 7 = rightmost digit. Correct.
* Option C: "q / 10000."
* Compute: 7777 / 10000 = 0.7777 (floating-point division).
* Result: 0.7777 # 7. Incorrect.
* Option D: "q % 10000."
* Compute: 7777 % 10000 = 7777 (since 7777 < 10000).
* Result: 7777 # 7. Incorrect.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Modulo Operator).
C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Multiplicative Operators).
W3Schools: "Python Operators" (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

* We start with the given function: ( Y = -2x - 2 ).
* To find ( f(-1) ), we substitute ( x = -1 ) into the function.
* Plugging in the value: ( f(-1) = -2(-1) - 2 = 2 - 2 = 0 ).
References
* Scripting and Programming Foundations documents.