Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
To determine if one integer is a multiple of another, the modulo operator (%) is used. According to foundational programming principles, the modulo operator returns the remainder of division, and if the remainder is zero, the first integer is a multiple of the second.
* Option A: "/." This is incorrect. The division operator (/) returns the quotient of division, which may include a decimal (e.g., 7 / 2 = 3.5). It does not directly indicate if one number is a multiple of another.
* Option B: "||." This is incorrect. The logical OR operator (||) is used for boolean operations (e.g., in conditional statements) and is unrelated to checking multiples.
* Option C: "+." This is incorrect. The addition operator (+) adds two numbers and is not used to check if one is a multiple of another.
* Option D: "%." This is correct. The modulo operator (%) returns the remainder after division. If a % b
== 0, then a is a multiple of b (e.g., 10 % 5 == 0, so 10 is a multiple of 5).
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).
C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Arithmetic Operators).
W3Schools: "Python Operators" (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

A student's grade point average (GPA) is a numerical representation that typically includes a decimal to account for the precision of the average (e.g., 3.75). Therefore, it should be declared as a floating-point data type to accommodate the decimal part. Since a student's GPA can change over time with the addition of new grades, it should be declared as a variable rather than a constant.

A function definition is the blueprint for a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Here's what it includes:
* Function Name: A unique name to identify and call the function (e.g., calculate_area).
* Inputs (Parameters/Arguments): Values or variables passed into the function when it's called (e.
g., width, height).
* Outputs (Return Value): The result the function produces after processing (e.g., the calculated area).
This value may or may not be explicitly returned.
* Statements (Function Body): Contains the code that performs the actions and calculations within the function.

A language characterized by a series of method calls is typically referred to as a functional language. In functional programming, computation is treated as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. It is a declarative programming paradigm, which means programming is done with expressions or declarations instead of statements. In functional languages, functions are first-class citizens, meaning they can be passed as arguments to other functions, returned as values from other functions, and assigned to variables.

An integer data type is used to represent whole numbers without any fractional or decimal component. In the given options:
* A. The number of students in a section is a countable quantity that does not require a fractional part, making it suitable for an integer data type.
* B. The cost of a dinner including tax and tip would typically involve a decimal to account for cents, thus requiring a floating-point data type.
* C. The weights of patients are usually measured with precision and can have decimal values, necessitating a floating-point data type.
* D. An approximation of the number pi to five decimal places is a decimal value and would require a floating-point data type.