Circular causality is a concept in family therapy that refers to the idea that events and behaviors within a family are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. In circular causality, each family member's behavior is both an effect of and a cause of the behavior of other family members.
Feedback loops refer to the process by which information about the effects of a family member's behavior is communicated to other family members and influences their behavior. Boundaries refer to the physical and psychological limits that define the extent of a family system and its relationships with the outside world. Triangulation refers to the process by which a third party is brought into a relationship or conflict between two other parties, often to relieve tension or resolve conflict.

Information literacy is the ability to identify information needed for a specific purpose to locate pertinent information, evaluate the information, and apply it correctly.
Information technology is the use of hardware and software for the processing, storage, and retrieval of information. Healthcare informatics is the integration of computer science, information science, and health care.

Panic disorder is diagnosed more often in women than in men. Attacks occur without warning, build in intensity within a short and self-limiting time, and usually last around 10 minutes.

Splitting occurs when a patient is unable to see others as sometimes good and sometimes bad. Instead, some patients use splitting as a defense mechanism, which causes them to view other people as either all good or all evil. Splitting is commonly seen in patients with borderline personality disorder.
Devaluation is a defense mechanism that attributes excessive negative qualities to another. Idealization is a defense mechanism that attributes excessive positive qualities to another. Repression is a defense mechanism that expels disturbing wishes from conscious awareness.

Evidence-based practice demands the use of the best knowledge. The evidence hierarchy ranks sources of knowledge according to the strength of the information they provide. The best evidence comes from Level 1 of the evidence hierarchy, which includes meta-analyses. All levels are listed below.
* Level 1 (strongest): Systematic review of randomized controlled trials or systematic review of nonrandomized trials
* Level 2: Single randomized controlled trial or single nonrandomized trial
* Level 3: Systematic review of correlational or observational studies
* Level 4: Single correlational or observational study
* Level 5: Systematic review of descriptive, qualitative, or physiologic studies
* Level 6: Single descriptive, qualitative, or physiologic study
* Level 7 (weakest): Opinions of authorities and expert committees