Explanation
COBIT guidance should be customized to meet specific enterprise needs, as different enterprises have different goals, objectives, risks, and requirements. COBIT provides a flexible and adaptable framework that can be tailored to suit the enterprise's context and environment. COBIT also provides guidance on how to customize the framework using design factors and focus areas.12 References: COBIT 2019 Framework:
Introduction and Methodology, COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information and Technology Governance Solution

According to the official COBIT 2019 Study Manual from ISACA, the final step in governance system design is to define target capability levels for the most critical objectives. This process involves assessing the current capability level of the organization and setting measurable goals for improvement. Once the capability levels are defined, the organization can develop an action plan to achieve these goals.

The focus of an enterprise that has a cost leadership strategy design factor is short-term cost minimization. A cost leadership strategy is a competitive strategy that aims to achieve lower costs than competitors by offering standardized products or services at low prices. A cost leadership strategy design factor affects how an enterprise designs its governance system, as it implies a focus on operational efficiency, process automation, economies of scale, outsourcing, etc. An enterprise that has a cost leadership strategy design factor would prioritize short-term cost minimization over long-term cost optimization or medium-term cost equalization.12 References: COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information and Technology Governance Solution

When reporting on performance measurements related to an EGIT implementation program plan, it is important to include all projects that are deemed appropriate by IT management. This is because each project should be evaluated for its ability to provide the desired outcomes and meet the planned objectives, and only projects that have been deemed appropriate should be included in the report. For more information, please refer to the Isaca COBIT 2019 official Manual or book.

Explanation/Reference: https://community.mis.temple.edu/mis5203sec001sp2019/files/2019/01/COBIT-2019-Framework- Introduction-and-Methodology_res_eng_1118.pdf (32)