Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/concept-audit-logs

Explanation

Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/role-assignments-portal
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/roles/permissions-reference
Topic 1, Contoso, Ltd
Overview
Contoso, Ltd is a consulting company that has a main office in Montreal offices in London and Seattle.
Contoso has a partnership with a company named Fabrikam, Inc Fabcricam has an Azure Active Diretory (Azure AD) tenant named fabrikam.com.
Existing Environment
The on-premises network of Contoso contains an Active Directory domain named contos.com. The domain contains an organizational unit (OU) named Contoso_Resources. The Contoso_Resoureces OU contains all users and computers.
The Contoso.com Active Directory domain contains the users shown in the following table.

Microsoft 365/Azure Environment
Contoso has an Azure AD tenant named Contoso.com that has the following associated licenses:
* Microsoft Office 365 Enterprise E5
* Enterprise Mobility + Security
* Windows 10 Enterprise E5
* Project Plan 3
Azure AD Connect is configured between azure AD and Active Directory Domain Serverless (AD DS). Only the Contoso Resources OU is synced.
Helpdesk administrators routinely use the Microsoft 365 admin center to manage user settings.
User administrators currently use the Microsoft 365 admin center to manually assign licenses, All user have all licenses assigned besides following exception:
The users in the London office have the Microsoft 365 admin center to manually assign licenses. All user have licenses assigned besides the following exceptions:
* The users in the London office have the Microsoft 365 Phone System License unassigned.
* The users in the Seattle office have the Yammer Enterprise License unassigned.
Security defaults are disabled for Contoso.com.
Contoso uses Azure AD Privileged identity Management (PIM) to project administrator roles.
Problem Statements
Contoso identifies the following issues:
* Currently, all the helpdesk administrators can manage user licenses throughout the entire Microsoft 365 tenant.
* The user administrators report that it is tedious to manually configure the different license requirements for each Contoso office.
* The helpdesk administrators spend too much time provisioning internal and guest access to the required Microsoft 365 services and apps.
* Currently, the helpdesk administrators can perform tasks by using the: User administrator role without justification or approval.
* When the Logs node is selected in Azure AD, an error message appears stating that Log Analytics integration is not enabled.
Planned Changes
Contoso plans to implement the following changes.
Implement self-service password reset (SSPR). Analyze Azure audit activity logs by using Azure Monitor-Simplify license allocation for new users added to the tenant. Collaborate with the users at Fabrikam on a joint marketing campaign. Configure the User administrator role to require justification and approval to activate.
Implement a custom line-of-business Azure web app named App1. App1 will be accessible from the internet and authenticated by using Azure AD accounts.
For new users in the marketing department, implement an automated approval workflow to provide access to a Microsoft SharePoint Online site, group, and app.
Contoso plans to acquire a company named Corporation. One hundred new A Datum users will be created in an Active Directory OU named Adatum. The users will be located in London and Seattle.
Technical Requirements
Contoso identifies the following technical requirements:
* AH users must be synced from AD DS to the contoso.com Azure AD tenant.
* App1 must have a redirect URI pointed to https://contoso.com/auth-response.
* License allocation for new users must be assigned automatically based on the location of the user.
* Fabrikam users must have access to the marketing department's SharePoint site for a maximum of 90 days.
* Administrative actions performed in Azure AD must be audited. Audit logs must be retained for one year.
* The helpdesk administrators must be able to manage licenses for only the users in their respective office.
* Users must be forced to change their password if there is a probability that the users' identity was compromised.
Topic 1, Litware, Inc
Overview
Litware, Inc. is a pharmaceutical company that has a subsidiary named fabrikam, inc Litware has offices in Boston and Seattle, but has employees located across the United States. Employees connect remotely to either office by using a VPN connection.
Identity Environment
The network contains an Active Directory forest named litware.com that is linked to an Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenant named litware.com. Azure AD Connect uses pass-through authentication and has password hash synchronization disabled.
Litware.com contains a user named User1 who oversees all application development. Litware implements Azure AD Application Proxy.
Fabrikam has an Azure AD tenant named fabrikam.com. The users at Fabrikam access the resources in litware.com by using guest accounts in the litware.com tenant.
Cloud Environment
All the users at Litware have Microsoft 365 Enterprise E5 licenses. All the built-in anomaly detection polices in Microsoft Cloud App Security are enabled.
Litware has an Azure subscription associated to the litware.com Azure AD tenant. The subscription contains an Azure Sentinel instance that uses the Azure Active Directory connector and the Office 365 connector.
Azure Sentinel currently collects the Azure AD sign-ins logs and audit logs.
On-premises Environment
The on-premises network contains the severs shown in the following table.

Both Litware offices connect directly to the internet. Both offices connect to virtual networks in the Azure subscription by using a site-to-site VPN connection. All on-premises domain controllers are prevented from accessing the internet.
Delegation Requirements
Litware identifies the following delegation requirements:
* Delegate the management of privileged roles by using Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM).
* Prevent nonprivileged users from registering applications in the litware.com Azure AD tenant-
* Use custom catalogs and custom programs for Identity Governance.
* Ensure that User1 can create enterprise applications in Azure AD. Use the principle of least privilege.
Licensing Requirements
Litware recently added a custom user attribute named LWLicenses to the litware.com Active Directory forest.
Litware wants to manage the assignment of Azure AD licenses by modifying the value of the LWLicenses attribute. Users who have the appropriate value for LWLicenses must be added automatically to Microsoft 365 group that he appropriate license assigned.
Management Requirement
Litware wants to create a group named LWGroup1 will contain all the Azure AD user accounts for Litware but exclude all the Azure AD guest accounts.
Authentication Requirements
Litware identifies the following authentication requirements:
* Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all Litware users.
* Exempt users from using MFA to authenticate to Azure AD from the Boston office of Litware.
* Implement a banned password list for the litware.com forest.
* Enforce MFA when accessing on-premises applications.
* Automatically detect and remediate externally leaked credentials
Access Requirements
Litware wants to create a group named LWGroup1 that will contain all the Azure AD user accounts for Litware but exclude all the Azure AD guest accounts.
Monitoring Requirements
Litware wants to use the Fusion rule in Azure Sentinel to detect multi-staged that include a combination of suspicious Azure AD sign-ins followed by anomalous Microsoft Office 365 activity.