Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a ClusterRole:
- Define a ClusterRole named 'cluster-admins that grants comprehensive permissions to manage cluster resources.

2. Create a ClusterRoleBinding: - Bind the 'cluster-admin' ClusterRoIe to a specific user or service account. - This grants the bound entity administrative access to the cluster.

3. Create a Role: - Define a Role named 'pod-reader' that grants limited access to read pod information.

4. Create a RoIeBjnding: - Bind the 'pod-reader Role to a group of users or service accounts. - This allows the bound entities to read pod information within the specified namespace.

5. Configure Authentication: - Set up authentication methods for accessing the API server, such as: - x509 certificates: Use digital certificates to authenticate users. - OAuth2: Use OAuth2 for user authentication. - Basic authentication: Use username and password for authentication.

Solution (Step by Step):
1. Establish a known-good baseline: Obtain known-good copies of the Kubernetes binaries from a trusted source, such as the official Kubernetes release page or your distribution's package repository.
2. Calculate checksums: Calculate the SHA-256 checksums of the known-good binaries and the binaries on your nodes.
bash
sha256sum /usr/bin/kubeadm lusr/bin/kubelet 'usr/bin/kubectl
3. Compare checksums: Compare the checksums of the binaries on your nodes with the checksums of the known-good binaries. Any discrepancies indicate potential tampering.
4. Inspect binaries for modifications: If checksum mismatches are found, use tools like 'diff or 'cmp' to compare the suspect binaries with the known- good binaries to identify specific modifications.
5. Analyze system logs: Review system logs, such as audit logs and syslog, for any suspicious activity related to the Kubernetes binaries or processes.
6. Reinstall binaries from a trusted source: If tampering is confirmed, reinstall the Kubernetes binaries from a trusted source.
7. Investigate the root cause: Conduct a thorough investigation to determine the root cause of the tampering and take steps to prevent future compromises. This may involve reviewing access controls, network security, and security monitoring practices.

Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Enable Kubernetes Audit Logging:
- Configure your Kubernetes cluster to generate audit logs. This involves enabling the 'audit' feature in the 'kube-apiserver' configuration and specifying the desired level of audit logging (e.g., 'Metadata', 'Request' , 'RequestResponse').
2. Define Audit Policies:
- Create audit policies to filter and prioritize the audit events you want to capture. For example, define a policy to audit all container image pulls and API requests related to specific resources.

3. Deploy Sysdig: - Install and configure Sysdig on your Kubernetes cluster Sysdig is a powerful container runtime security tool that provides real-time monitoring and threat detection capabilities. 4. Configure Sysdig Rules: - Create custom rules in Sysdig to detect suspicious activity within containers. These rules can be based on specific events, file access patterns, network connections, and other indicators of compromise.

5. Integrate with Logging and Monitoring Systems: - Integrate Sysdig with your existing logging and monitoring tools (e.g., ELK stack, Prometheus) to centralize and analyze security events. 6. Review and Analyze Logs: - Regularly review the audit logs and Sysdig alerts to identify any potential security threats. - Investigate suspicious events to understand the root cause and take appropriate actions.

Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a PodSecurityPolicy:
- Define a PodSecurityP01icy named 'secure-policy' that enforces the specified security restrictions.

2. Create a PodSecurityPolicy8inding: - Bind the 'secure-policy' to a namespace or specific deployments. - This ensures that the PSP is enforced for deployments Within the bound scope.

3. Deploy the PSP: - Apply the 'secure-policy.yaml and 'secure-policy-binding.yaml files to the cluster - This will activate the PSP and enforce the defined security rules. 4. Validate PSP Enforcement - Attempt to create a deployment that violates the PSP rules. - Verifry that the deployment creation fails due to the PSP enforcement.

Solution (Step by Step) :
1. create a PSPI
- Define a PSP that restricts the use of privileged containers and capabilities, except for the capability for pods in the 'production' namespace.

2. Create a PSP Binding: - Bind the PSP to the 'production' namespace-

3. Create a Pod: - Create a Pod in the 'production' namespace and specify the 'securitycontext' with the 'NET_ADMIN' capability.

4. Apply the YAML files: - Apply the created YAML files using 'kubectl apply -f 5. Verify the permissions: - Try to create a Pod in other namespaces with the 'NET_ADMIN' capability. It should be rejected.